Micro-particles transportation in Microfluidics devices is of interest for processing suspensions such as drug delivery, pharmaceutics, and food. Analytical and experimental studies have been conducted to investigate the velocity domain of Micro-particles in Low-Reynolds-number Poiseuille flow in a rectangular Microchannel. The results are compared with the existing methodologies such as Lattice-Boltzmann simulation and show good agreement. Compared with similar studies, the comparison between the experimental and analytical results provides broader insight into the effects of walls on the hydrodynamic behavior of Micro-particles in Microchannels. The comparative results show that the velocity domain of the dispersed phase is affected by the particles-fluid hydrodynamic coupling and particles-wall interactions. Also, particles slip velocities can be significant with the increase of particles sizes and proximity to nearby walls. Furthermore, the distance from the walls in which the particle-wall interaction is quite considerable is determined, which is about the order of particles diameter. Also, the number of particles observed near the bottom wall in all particle sizes was approximately 10% to 20% more than the number of particles found near the top wall, indicating the tendency of particles to sedimentation.

This paper presents an optimization method to optimize the parameters of the Microgrid controller in islanding mode. The controller optimal parameters have been obtained by using the particle swarm optimization (PSO). This is done based on minimization of the errors in the current and voltage controllers. Finally, simulation has been carried out to verify the effectiveness of the optimized controller. Stability analysis of the controller is verified using classical approach

In this paper, Tapered end-coupled Micro strip filter is optimized using particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. The optimization is used to increase the bandwidth of the filter to make it applicable to wireless communication. New design for End coupled Micro-strip bandpass filter is presented and the return loss and insertion loss of the filter using equivalence lumped element model are obtained.

The nasal cavity and sinuses are a component of the upper respiratory system and study the air passage into the upper component of human airway is consequential to amend or remedy deficiency in human respiration cycle. The nose performs many paramount physiological functions, including heating, humidifying and filtering inspired air, as well as sampling air to smell. Aforetime, numerical modeling of turbulent flow in authentic model of nasal cavity, sinus, pharynx and larynx has infrequently been employed. This research has tried to study details of turbulent airflow and particle deposition through all spaces in three-dimensional authentic model of human head which is obtained from computed tomography scan images of a 26-years old female head, neck and chest without any problem in her respiratory system that air can flow them. The particle size in this study was opted to be in the range of 5-30 μ m. The particles are tracked through the continuum fluid discretely utilizing the Lagrangian approach.

This experiment was conducted for evaluating the humoral immune responses induced by Poly Lactide-co-Glycolide Acid (PLGA) Microspheres coupled inactivated Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) vaccine in comparison to an ‘in-house’ prepared inactivated and a live commercial vaccine. PLG Microparticles containing inactivated NDV were prepared by a double emulsion technique based on solvent evaporation method. The size of the NDV coupled PLG Microparticles was determined by Electron Microscopy. NDV coupled PLG Microparticles were spherical having smooth surface, hollow core inside with no pores on the surface. The experiment was conducted in four groups of chickens (n=15). The encapsulation efficiency of NDV coupled PLG Microparticles was determined by protein estimation and HA activity in elute. The mean (± SE) size of PLG Microspheres was found to be 2.409±0.65 mm. The mean percent of encapsulation efficiency of PLG Microspheres coupled to NDV was assessed based on the total protein content and HA activity in elute was found to be 8.03±0.50 and 12.5±0.00, respectively. In conclusion, the results of the experiment showed that PLGA coupled NDV vaccine elicited stronger and prolonged humoral immune response in chickens, in comparison to the other tested vaccines, as assessed by haemagglutination inhibition and enzyme linked immuno sorbent asaay titers.

Structural, magnetic, and electrical properties of La0.5Ca0.5MnO3 samples prepared at two different sintering temperatures (800°C and 1350°C which were labeled S800 and S1350, respectively) have been investigated. The Reitveled refined XRD patterns indicate an orthorombic structure with Pnma space group for both samples. Ac susceptibility measurements show that, the fraction of ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic phases could be controlled with sintering temperature. S800 sample has a ferromagnetic state while the antiferromagnetic phase is enhanced in S1350 sample which causes the increase of thermal hysteresis in this sample. Two distinct regions (T>ӨD/2 and T˂ӨD/2, ӨD is the Debye’s temperature) were noticed to investigate the electrical properties. Based on the resistivity data at T>ӨD/2 region, the S800 and S1350 samples follow the adiabatic and non-adiabatic small polaron hopping (SPH) models, respectively. At T˂ӨD/2 region, the 3-dementional variable range hopping (VRH) model displays a good correlation with the experimental data of both samples. The related parameters of both SPH and VRH models are extracted. The results show that these parameters are particle size dependent.